Tuesday, March 5, 2013

Clarification of "Changes to the RRS 2013-2016"

On November 3, 2012, I gave a 45-minute presentation at the US Sailing Annual General Meeting (AGM) in San Francisco, entitled "Changes to the RRS 2013-2016".  This presentation is posted on the US Sailing website; you can find it and download it at http://raceadmin.ussailing.org/Rules.htm

Before I discuss that presentation any further, I have to tell you that the opinions expressed there are mine and mine alone.  I did not consult the US Sailing Racing Rules Committee before preparing it, nor did any committee of US Sailing review it before it was posted.  Having said that, I think the overall message of the presentation is correct, and the presentation could form the basis for a club or regional clinic on changes to the Racing Rules of Sailing.  If you agree, please feel free to download it and use it.  All I ask is that you not edit it or change it in any way (other than to skip over slides).

But that's not what I want to write about here.  The subject of this posting is Slide  8, entitled 'Implication of “Proper Course” in Rule 18.2(c)(2)', which features the following animation:



On the right of this animation I wrote, "Here, Blue breaks rule 16.1, Changing Course, and is not exonerated because she is not taking mark-room under rule 18.2(b), nor room to sail her proper course under rule 18.2(c)(2)."

At the time, I thought this was clear; but several e-mails from sailors have convinced me that it's not.  Here's what I was trying to say and to illustrate in the animation.

First, we all agree that Blue is entitled to mark-room under rule 18.2(b) because she was clear ahead when she entered the zone.  This means she is entitled to room to leave the mark on its required side (in this case, to port), room to sail to the mark as long as her proper course is to sail close to it and room to round the mark as necessary to sail the course (see Definition Mark-room at the beginning of the 2013-2016 rulebook).   

Just after position 3, Yellow becomes overlapped inside Blue, so rule 18.2(c)(2) kicks inThat rule says, "When [Yellow] is required to give [Blue] mark-room by rule 18.2(b), ... if she becomes overlapped inside [Blue], she shall also give [Blue] room to sail her proper course while they remain overlapped."

Note that this right is additional to the those Blue already has from from the definition of mark-room.  Also, new rule 21 Exoneration says that as long as she's sailing within the mark-room or room to which she's entitled, if she breaks a rule of Section A (Right of Way), rule 15 (Aquiring Right of Way), 16 (Changing Course) or 31 (Touching a Mark) because the other boat failed to give her that room, she is exonerated for her breach.  

Now let's look at position 4 in the animationWhat is Blue's proper course from that point on?  To answer that question we need to remove Yellow from the diagram (see Definition Proper Course).  In the absence of Yellow, what course would Blue take to finish the race as quickly as possible?  Well, there may be other boats in the fleet, and Blue might want to take a high line so maybe she would luff up as shown in the animation -- but I don't think so.  Starting from her deep position 4, she has no hope of luffing up high enough to get above the line of other boats rounding the mark -- after all, they will have luffed up slightly, too, and starting from a position much further to windward.  If Blue luffs up as shown, all she will accomplish is to bring herself almost to a stop and then be in the backwind of all the boats who have already rounded the mark ahead of her.  So in my opinion Blue's proper course is to trim in onto a closehauled course and make the best of her poor rounding.

At least, that's what I hoped I had conveyed in the animation, but apparently not.   I concede it's not obvious.  Dick Rose, in his rules column in Sailing World, says, "[The boat entitled to room]  can luff, even above closehauled on port tack, to shut the door on [the other boat]."  If I were to do the presentation again, I would picture Blue head-to-wind at position 5 to emphasize that she is clearly not on her proper course.
   
Suppose you concede that Blue is not sailing her proper course between positions 4 and 5. What is she entitled to do under rule 18, that Yellow is not allowing her to do?  Blue had the opportunity to sail to the mark and chose not to do so, and at position 4 she has already rounded the mark as required to sail the course (i.e., turned to a close-hauled course).  So Yellow only needs to allow Blue to leave the mark astern on her port side, and although that hasn't happened yet at position 5, it's clear that Yellow is complying with that requirement -- instead of luffing up, Blue could trim in and quickly leave the mark astern.  

Therefore, the events between positions 4 and 5 are governed entirely by rules 11 (Windward/Leeward) and 16, Changing Course.  

Blue has right of way, and clearly Yellow fails to keep clear of her.  So, why not penalize Yellow under rule 11?  Well, rule 16.1 says, "When a right-of-way boat changes course, she shall give the other boat room to keep clear." New Definition Room says that room includes "space to comply with her obligations under the rules of Part 2 and rule 31 ...".  Because Blue's change of course forces Yellow to hit the mark, Blue did not give Yellow room to comply with her obligations under rule 31.  Therefore Blue breaks rule 16.1 and Yellow is exonerated for breaking rules 11 and 31 because Blue's illegal change of course caused her to do so.

So Blue should take her turns. 

I hope this clears up the issues sailors may have with Slide 8 of my presentation at the AGM. 

4 comments:

  1. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  2. I read 18.2.b and 18.2.c quite differently and as a result, end up with a different conclusion of which boat to penalize.

    18.2.b gives mark room to Blue. That includes room to sail as close to the mark as she wishes, up to head to wind – just not to tack.

    When Yellow obtains an overlap inside the zone, 18.2.c places an additional obligation on Yellow in addition to giving Blue mark room – to also allow Blue to sail her proper course. But 18.2.c does not obligate or restrict Blue to sail a proper course - only for Yellow to allow her to do so if aplicable.

    As a result, my conclusion is that Blue was entitled to luff to pass close to the mark, and that Yellow interfered by getting between Blue and the mark. Yellow is DSQ under 18.2.b

    Additional points.
    R 15 does not apply as Blue did not ‘gain’ ROW, she had it already.

    Under R 14, Blue only has to start to keep clear to avoid contact when it becomes clear that Yellow is not going to luff out of the way, If there is contact and Blue breaks R 14, she is exonerated.

    As Blue is allowed to sail to the mark under the definition of mark room, she is allowed to alter course towards the mark and R16 does not apply.

    The discussion of Blue’s proper course from position 4 is not relevant, as Blue has no proper course obligation.

    John

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. I agree that after Blue changes course between positions 4 and 5 Yellow needs to keep clear of her; and if that means going the wrong side of the mark, so be it. When I created the animation I tried to make it clear that, when Blue changes course at the end, Yellow cannot still go the wrong side of the mark. So Blue breaks rule 16 by not giving Yellow room to keep clear without breaking rule 31 (see the new definition "room").

      I agree that Blue has no proper course obligation, but if she wants to be exonerated for breaking rule 16.1 she's got to sail within the room to which she is entitled. She is not entitled to sail to the mark because her proper course is not close to it (see definition "mark-room"), so she has to rely on rule 18(2)(c). But that rule only gives her room to sail her proper course, and she's not doing so between positions 4 and 5. Thus, she should be penalized.

      But how about Yellow, who broke rule 11? She wouldn't have broken that rule if Blue hadn't broken rule 16, so she's exonerated under rule 64.1(b).

      Delete
  3. http://rrsstudy.blogspot.nl/2012/10/rrs-2013-2016-rule-182.html

    ReplyDelete